The specialist in Orthodontics must have gained theoretical, scientific and professional knowledge in the field of physiology and pathophysiology of growth, clinical and therapy of malocclusions, dento-maxillofacial dysgnathias, musculoskeletal dysmorphisms, temporomandibular dysfunctions, related postural dysfunctions; Specific areas of expertise are dento-maxillofacial pathophysiology and functional and instrumental semeiotics, clinical methodology and orthognathodontic therapy.
For the School of Specialization in ORTHODONTICS (divided into three years of course), the training objectives are as follows:
Basic learning objectives:
- the deepening of knowledge in the biological and medical disciplines relating to the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the dento-maxillofacial district, with particular reference to the development, growth, as well as the mechanisms of formative and morphological conditioning of the dento-maxillofacial complex and interactions with the soma;
- the learning and acquisition of the application skills of statistical and statistical-epidemiological methodologies.
Educational objectives of the type of School: the student must have:
- an exhaustive knowledge of clinical and instrumental diagnostics of the pathophysiology of the dento-maxillofacial district and related therapeutic aspects;
- the deepening of knowledge of orthognathodontic semeiotics, also making use of clinical and instrumental devices;
- the identification of diagnostic pathways useful for framing the various types of malocclusion and alterations of the den-to-maxillofacial district, from dental to generalized hereditary or congenital malformation pathology;
- the acquisition of specific skills in the prevention, interception and correction of malocclusions, as well as in the treatment of dental and dento-skeletal dysgnathias in growing subjects and adults;
- the acquisition of specific knowledge and skills in the treatment of dento-maxillofacial malformations and in the preparation and finalization of orthodontics to support orthognathic surgery;
- the acquisition of specific knowledge and skills on diagnostic aspects and therapeutic solutions related to intra- and extra-articular problems of the temporomandibular joint, as well as on the interconnections with various general pathologies such as headaches, postural imbalances , muscle-tension pathologies, myofascial pathologies, asymmetries;
- the acquisition of multidisciplinary approach skills between orthodontics and the disciplines included in the scientific-disciplinary sector in which the type of Postgraduate School is integrated;
- the deepeningof knowledge on the loco-regional and systemic implications related to the orthognathodontic treatment of patients suffering from diseases of other systems and organs, including rare diseases.
Integrated training objectives (i.e. common core): the student must have acquired doctrinal knowledge in the general disciplines that contribute to the training of specialists in Oral Surgery, Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry and in the disciplines characterising the clinical-diagnostic aspects of emergencies and first aid.
The following are compulsory professionalizing activities for the achievement of the educational purposes of the type:
The practical training activities of the trainees take place in the University, Hospital and Territorial Structures of the Health Authorities, which have an agreement with the University.
The training of the resident must be aimed at pursuing the educational purposes of the type of School in Orthodontics and must provide for guided and assisted participation in all practical, clinical-diagnostic-therapeutic activities, in the growing subject and in the adult, with a specific and targeted learning also of laboratory procedures, as well as the use of instrumental aids. This participation must also be certified through the formal recording of attendance.
The professionalizing activities for the Specialization in Orthodontics are identified in the therapies of the specific pathologies declined in the characterizing objectives.
In particular, the aforementioned objectives can be considered satisfied if the student performs, under specific tutorial supervision, the following therapies, along the 3-year training course:
- 50 outpatient and/or local orthodontic visits
- 30 Diagnosis and therapeutic planning
- 20 cases of interceptive therapy
- 12 cases of corrective therapy
- 5 cases of gnathological therapy
- 5 multidisciplinary cases (relating to interconnections with other odontostomatological disciplines)
- 3 cases of therapy of dento-maxillofacial alterations and/or malformations (related to the interconnections with maxillofacial surgery)
Related, integrative and interdisciplinary objectives:
- deepening of knowledge of the fundamentals of pathologies related to alterations of the dento-maxillofacial district;
- deepening of knowledge of phenomena related to the psychological approach of temporomandibular joint pathologies, neurological problems of headaches, altered postural attitudes;
- deepening of knowledge of the fundamentals of forensic medicine in its various aspects, including clinical bioethics;
- deepening of knowledge of the fundamentals in the field of health management;
- deepening of knowledge of the legislative rules governing the health organization;
- acquisition of computer skills useful in particular in the management of diagnostic data and therapeutic planning;
- deepening of knowledge of the English language to a level that allows the understanding of international literature and updating.
The student will be able to compete for the diploma after completing the professionalizing activities.
As part of the training course, the student will have to learn the scientific bases of the type of School in order to achieve full maturity and professional competence that includes an adequate ability to interpret scientific innovations and critical knowledge that allows him to consciously manage both assistance and his own updating; In this context, participation in meetings, congresses and the production of scientific publications and periods of attendance in qualified Italian and foreign institutions useful for his/her training may be envisaged.