The specialist in Orthopaedics and Traumatology must have gained theoretical knowledge and developed practical-professional skills in the field of pathophysiology and medical and surgical therapy (corrective-conservative, reconstructive and replacement) of diseases of the musculoskeletal system in paediatric and adult age with specific fields of expertise in functional and instrumental semeiotics, clinical methodology and therapy in Orthopaedics, in Hand Surgery and Traumatology including Sports Traumatology.

Basic learning objectives: acquisition of in-depth doctrinal knowledge with related clinical-practical application skills in: Physics, Chemistry, Histology, General Biology, Medical Genetics, Systematic and especially Topographic Anatomy, Biochemistry, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Biomaterials (Biocompatibility), Bioengineering. It is also necessary to understand the knowledge necessary for the epidemiological evaluation and the framing of clinical cases, also through the use of computer systems; as well as the organization and management of health services according to the most recent guidelines, including community guidelines. The acquisition of practical experience necessary for the semiological and methodological-clinical evaluation of the patient, defining the typology on the basis of the knowledge of medical-surgical pathophysiology, clinical pathology, laboratory medicine, instrumental semeiotics, pathological anatomy. Knowledge of the medical-legal aspects related to one's specialist profession and of the laws and regulations governing clinical activity is fundamental.

Acquisition of the knowledge base necessary to organize and manage his activity as a Surgeon Specialist in Orthopedics and Traumatology, with reference to the characteristics of the Structures in which he is called to operate in the field of the Locomotor System and nearby Organic Organs and Structures, of which he must be able to identify

All the specific details and operational adequacy;

Educational objectives of the type of School: the acquisition of in-depth doctrinal knowledge and the related clinical-practical application skills with reference to problems of the most varied nature pertaining to the Specialty in Orthopedics and Traumatology.

Knowledge of the principles of asepsis and antisepsis, of the organization and environmental hygiene of operating rooms. Knowledge of surgical instruments, biomaterials, not only sutures, but all medical surgical devices: from osteosynthesis to replacement means, as well as traditional and alternative surgical techniques and methods.

Acquisition of increasingly in-depth knowledge of Anatomy-Topographic Anatomy, also relevant both for clinical examination and for applications in Operative Medicine

Demonstration of knowing how to master the clinical situation in front of which it is placed, of knowing how to set up, plan and follow, with constant personal involvement, the most suitable diagnostic procedure to reach in the shortest possible time a correct diagnostic definition of the pathology and the clinical balance relating to the individual patient.

Acquisition of knowledge of Pathological Anatomy and the related practical-applicative experience, necessary to define, on the basis of the overall diagnostic evaluation of the disease and the patient's condition, and on the basis of the final clinical balance, the indication of the type of treatment, Medical and/or Surgical, most correct according to the risks, benefits and results aimed at the conditions of the individual patient.

Anatomical-surgical and surgical medicine knowledge necessary to face, even firsthand, the practical execution of bloody therapeutic acts to be performed even in emergencies as well as in emergencies.

Ability to face and solve problems related to the setting and management of the immediate post-operative course and even more so of scheduled remote controls also related to the monitoring of the clinical course. As far as operating, orthopaedic and/or surgical capacity is concerned, the Resident proceeds with a gradual progressive commitment of difficulty in learning the various operating techniques, even minimally invasive.

Integrated training objectives (i.e. common core): the resident must have acquired satisfactory theoretical knowledge and professional competence in clinical and instrumental diagnosis and in the treatment, even in emergency-urgency conditions, of the most common surgical pathologies. The student must acquire the fundamental knowledge of the pathophysiology of the various organs and systems, the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary for the recognition of diseases affecting the different systems of the body, the theoretical and practical knowledge of the main sectors of instrumental and laboratory diagnostics related to the aforementioned diseases, the acquisition of the ability to evaluate internal and specialist connections and influences. He must therefore be able to recognize the symptoms and clinical-functional signs with which diseases of various organs and systems manifest themselves, having acquired the fundamental diagnostic, therapeutic, psychological and ethical knowledge necessary for a global vision of the patient. To this end, the ability to clinically frame the patient on the basis of the anamnesis and physical examination must mature; develop critical and analytical diagnostic skills; become familiar with the main diagnostic procedures and laboratory-instrumental investigations; recognise and be able to deal with major medical emergencies; familiarize themselves with therapeutic resources in order to plan their optimal use and recognize their indications and contraindications, as well as the effects of interaction and possible iatrogenic accidents; acquire the fundamental notions relating to clinical research methodologies and pharmacological trials; know the fundamental problems related to prevention, public health and social medicine. The resident must have acquired satisfactory theoretical knowledge and professional competence in the recognition and treatment, in emergency-urgency conditions, of the most common pathologies. Finally, the resident must also know, from a clinical and therapeutic point of view, the most common pathologies of competence of the other types of the class.

The following are similar or integrative objectives: the acquisition of the basic knowledge and experience necessary to diagnose and treat, even surgically, the pathologies of specialist competence most frequently encountered in Orthopaedics and Traumatology in relation to other related and non-related specialist disciplines. Particular attention should be paid to border-line situations, involving other Surgical Specialties: Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Thoracic Surgery, General Abdominal Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Pediatric Surgery, Urological Surgery, Gynecological Surgery, Oncology.

This is also with reference to situations characterized by the non-deferrability of treatment. The Resident must recognize, diagnose and set up the treatment, defining in an overall view the hierarchical priority in cases of pathologies and/or multiple injuries, especially in patients who require the necessary use of several Specialists in the cases mentioned above, especially if they are emergencies-urgencies.

The same demanding involvement is equally specifically reserved, thanks to the due correct wealth of knowledge and professional skills, to Medical Specialties such as Rheumatology, Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, both if characterized by the needs of an elective treatment, and if they are also characterized by profiles of non-deferrability or urgency.

The following are compulsory professionalizing activities for the achievement of the aims of the type of School:

- have participated in over 700 conservative orthopedic surgeries, of which, performed in person, at least 200.

The Resident must have actively participated and personally performed non-cruel orthopaedic operating acts such as the reduction of fractures, dislocations, fractures and dislocations at the level of all the various anatomical sites of the musculoskeletal system, with the patient under locoregional and/or general anesthesiological sedation, up to the reduction to be obtained with the appropriate external maneuvers and subsequent plaster or orthotic stabilization.

Have performed:

- at least 20 major surgery operations, 10% of which as the first operator. The rest as a second operator;

- at least 50 medium-sized surgeries, 25% of which are the first operator. The rest as a second operator;

- at least 220 minor surgeries, 40% of which as the first operator. The rest as a second operator.

The Resident must have provided direct assistance for at least one year in emergency surgery and emergency room and in the Supplementary Surgical Specialties provided for by the School regulations.

Have attended at least 2 cadaverlab sessions.

The student will be able to compete for the diploma after completing the professionalizing activities.

As part of the training course, the student will have to learn the scientific bases of the type of School in order to achieve full maturity and professional competence that includes an adequate ability to interpret scientific innovations and critical knowledge that allows him to consciously manage both assistance and his own updating; In this context, participation in meetings, congresses and the production of scientific publications and periods of attendance in qualified Italian and foreign institutions useful for his/her training may be envisaged.