The Specialist in General Surgery must have gained theoretical, scientific and professional knowledge in the field of pathophysiology, functional and instrumental semeiotics and general clinical surgery; He also has specific expertise in emergency, first aid and trauma surgery, traditional, endoscopic and minimally invasive digestive system surgery, endocrine surgery, oncological surgery and replacement, reconstructive and organ transplant surgery.

Basic learning objectives: the learning of in-depth knowledge of pathophysiology, surgical anatomy and operative medicine; the knowledge necessary for the epidemiological evaluation and the framing of clinical cases, including through computer systems; the organization and management of health services according to the most recent directives.

The Resident must acquire the knowledge base necessary to organize and manage his or her activity as a surgeon in relation to the characteristics of the structures and the territory in which he or she is required to operate; knowledge of the medico-legal aspects related to one's profession and the laws and regulations governing health care;

Educational objectives of the type of School: to learn the fundamental knowledge of Topographic Anatomy relevant to the objective clinical examination of Operative Medicine, the principles of asepsis and antisepsis, the problems inherent in the organization and environmental hygiene of the Operating Rooms. To know the surgical instruments and suture materials as well as traditional and alternative surgical techniques and methods.

To acquire an in-depth basic knowledge and practical experience for an overall clinical assessment of the disease and the patient on the basis of knowledge of clinical pathologies, pathological anatomy, surgical pathophysiology, clinical methodology and instrumental and imaging diagnostics and for the indication of the most effective type of medical or surgical treatment according to the risks, benefits and results for each individual patient. To be able to choose the surgical solutions considered most suitable in the treatment of surgical disease both from an indication and technical point of view.

To have the appropriate knowledge to deal with the problems related to the setting up and management of the post-operative course and remote controls.

Acquire the appropriate multidisciplinary skills that allow the specialist to correctly approach the clinical case that goes beyond the exclusive technical-surgical competence and such as to insert him in a team work that takes charge, in an overall sense, of the pre- and post-operative phase.

Integrated training objectives (i.e. common core): the resident must have acquired satisfactory theoretical knowledge and professional competence in clinical and instrumental diagnosis and in the treatment, even in emergency-urgency conditions, of the most common surgical pathologies. The student must acquire the fundamental knowledge of the pathophysiology of the various organs and systems, the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary for the recognition of diseases affecting the different systems of the body, the theoretical and practical knowledge of the main sectors of instrumental and laboratory diagnostics related to the aforementioned diseases, the acquisition of the ability to evaluate internal and specialist connections and influences. He must therefore be able to recognize the symptoms and clinical-functional signs with which diseases of various organs and systems manifest themselves, having acquired the fundamental diagnostic, therapeutic, psychological and ethical knowledge necessary for a global vision of the patient. To this end, the ability to clinically frame the patient on the basis of the anamnesis and physical examination must mature; develop critical and analytical diagnostic skills; become familiar with the main diagnostic procedures and laboratory-instrumental investigations; recognise and be able to deal with major medical emergencies; familiarize themselves with therapeutic resources in order to plan their optimal use and recognize their indications and contraindications, as well as the effects of interaction and possible iatrogenic accidents; acquire the fundamental notions relating to clinical research methodologies and pharmacological trials; know the fundamental problems related to prevention, public health and social medicine. The resident must have acquired satisfactory theoretical knowledge and professional competence in the recognition and treatment, in emergency-urgency conditions, of the most common pathologies. Finally, the resident must also know, from a clinical and therapeutic point of view, the most common pathologies of competence of the other types of the class.

The following are similar or supplementary objectives:

acquire the basic knowledge and experience necessary to diagnose and treat, even surgically, the pathologies of specialist competence most frequently encountered in general surgery (plastic and reconstructive surgery, thoracic, vascular, pediatric, urology, gynecological, orthopedics) or characterized by the non-deferrability of emergency treatment;

recognize, diagnose and set up treatment by defining in an overall view the priority in cases of pathology or multiple lesions, in patients who require the necessary use of other specialists (cardiac surgery, neurosurgery, maxillofacial surgery).

The following are compulsory professionalizing activities for the achievement of the educational purposes of the type:

• at least 30 major surgery operations, 10% of which as first operator. The rest as a second operator;
• at least 80 medium-sized surgeries, 25% of which are the first operator. The rest as a second operator;
• at least 325 minor surgeries, 40% of which were first operators. (Outpatient and D.H. surgery procedures are included.) The rest as a second operator.
• have provided direct and responsible assistance with related diagnostic and therapeutic acts in an adequate number of elective, critical and emergency/urgent patients.

The Resident must have provided direct assistance activities for at least 2 semesters in total in emergency surgery, first aid and trauma, in anesthesia and resuscitation and in the specialized surgeries provided for by the regulations, according to the procedures defined by the School Council.

He will be able to compete for the diploma after completing the surgical activity.

In technical preparation, it is advisable, where possible, to study operative medicine on the cadaver. A training course with virtual simulators and boxes for exercise in laparoscopic techniques is also useful. The basic technique of experimental microsurgery must be learned in the laboratory with a preparatory course.

The student will be able to compete for the diploma after completing the professionalizing activities.

As part of the training course, the student will have to learn the scientific bases of the type of School in order to achieve full maturity and professional competence that includes an adequate ability to interpret scientific innovations and critical knowledge that allows him to consciously manage both assistance and his own updating; In this context, participation in meetings, congresses and the production of scientific publications and periods of attendance in qualified Italian and foreign institutions useful for his/her training may be envisaged.